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  1. How e-bike lights are powered

    Does your e-bike light run off the main battery, a small cell of its own, or a dynamo? Here's how to tell, and what a maker's guide says.

  2. Integrated lights versus clip-on lights

    What separates lights wired to the e-bike from lights you add yourself, and the questions worth asking before you pay for either type.

  3. Lumens, lux and beam patterns explained

    What lumens, candela and lux measure on a bike light's box, why one number can mislead, and how a beam pattern changes what you see.

  4. Beam standards such as StVZO and what they cover

    What a bike light standard such as Germany's StVZO K-mark asks for, how other countries differ, and where to find the rules for your own country.

  5. Reflectors and other visibility parts on an e-bike

    Which passive parts an e-bike comes with, how a reflector works without power, and what official sources like the UK Highway Code say about them.

  6. How front and rear lights are wired to the bike

    Where light cables run on an e-bike, how light ports and splitters differ, and what a maker's guide says about connectors, rear lights and fitting.

  7. Where to find lighting rules for your country or state

    What official road rules say about lights on an e-bike varies by place. Here's how to find your own rules, with UK and Australian examples.